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The History of Neuroimaging in Exercise and Sport Sciences. Where Do We Go from Here?
Zusammenfassung der Sitzung
The use of neuroimaging tools in exercise and sport sciences is relatively nascent, with the first studies appearing in 1984. In that year, two seminal publications appeared in the psychophysiology literature with very different foci, but each led to a framework that has impacted their field over the following decades. One study was focused on sport performance via the assessment of spectral-derived measures of electroencephalography (EEG) to study elite performance using a marksmanship model, and the second study was focused on the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness during older adulthood using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) among a larger battery of cognitive and brain outcomes. Arguably, these two psychophysiological studies have paved the way for the use of neuroimaging tools in the field of exercise and sport sciences. In the new millennium, the field of exercise and sport sciences has begun to incorporate aspects of cognitive neuroscience, which has led to considerable growth due to an influx of interdisciplinary scholars and the advent of new neuroimaging tools and measures. However, in recent years, the focus of this ‘new’ area of research has gravitated toward the beneficial relationship of physical activity on brain health and cognition using a variety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques aimed at understanding fitness-related differences in brain structure (e.g., voxel-based morphometry, diffusion tensor imaging) and brain function (e.g., blood oxygen level dependent signal changes within specific neural structures, functional network connectivity). Although EEG and ERPs have remained viable tools for understanding fitness effects on brain function, this approach has also moved away, in part, from its sport performance roots toward more health- and lifestyle-focused models of brain function. Accordingly, this presentation will investigate the history and use of neuroimaging tools in exercise and sport sciences from 1984 to the present day. The most impactful publications in this field will be discussed, followed by a discussion of the future directions of the field.
